%in% also works with a matrix, so you don't need exclude = c(x[,1],x[,2]):
> mat = matrix(c(letters[1:8]),nrow=4,ncol=2)
> letters[!letters %in% mat]
[1] "i" "j" "k" "l" "m" "n" "o" "p" "q" "r" "s" "t" "u" "v" "w" "x" "y" "z"
• 154 views
•
link