We started this the other day. See this thread: Exponentially Increasing Genomes Slide Another one I like that hasn't come up yet is the growth of GeneTests, disease for which testing is available: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/GeneTests/static/whatsnew/labdirgrowth.shtml

Data for the growth of the number of articles in MEDLINE can be found here:

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/licensee/baselinestats.html

There is some time lag in interpreting numbers from the MEDLINE baseline files. For example, good data on the growth of MEDLINE through 2008 can be found in the 2010 baseline statistics: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/licensee/2010_stats/2010_Totals.html

EDIT 1: Data for the growth of the number of GeneRIFs in Entrez Gene can be found here:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/GeneRIF/stats/

EDIT 2: Data for the growth of the number of GWAS studies in the Human Genome Epidemiology database:

http://hugenavigator.net/HuGENavigator/startPageWatch.do

Already added sequence data growth in Uniprot in the other question, As you are interested in various data categories - here is the exponential growth of RCSB-PDB from 70's - till date. Kudos to RCSB-PDB team for providing the data and the graph in a convenient way.

EDIT by RamRS: Khader's link to his own answer is dead and does not point to a post on biostars.org because the post seems to have been lost before migration. Here is a link to an archived version of the post: https://web.archive.org/web/20111124051054/http://biostar.stackexchange.com/questions/2966/exponentially-increasing-genomes-slide/2973

Here is a picture of his answer:

You might also want to take a look at this:

Björk B-C, Welling P, Laakso M, Majlender P, Hedlund T, et al. (2010) Open Access to the Scientific Journal Literature: Situation 2009. PLoS ONE 5(6): e11273

edit: there are some issues with the paper, see Lars' blogpost.

Just a brief note on a way to generate "growth of database" data yourself, at least for the Entrez databases.

Most of the Bio* projects include an EUtils library. The BioRuby module has a useful method, esearch_count, which counts the number of results for a query. As an example, you could retrieve total publications in PubMed for years 2000-2010 like this:

#!/usr/bin/ruby
require "rubygems"
require "bio"

Bio::NCBI.default_email = "me@me.com"
ncbi = Bio::NCBI::REST.new

2000.upto(2010) do |year|
  all   = ncbi.esearch_count("#{year}[dp]", {"db" => "pubmed"})
  puts "#{year}\t#{all}"
end

Redirect the output to create a tab-delimited file with year + count. Here, we're searching the DP (date published) field in PubMed. You could substitute any Entrez database, search term(s) and years.

The Silva website plots the growth of ribosomal RNA databases. e.g. http://www.arb-silva.de/documentation/background/release-104/

SCOP has listed out the statistics of it's release history in tabular form from last 12 years.

Scop Classification Statistics

I agree with Khader that PDB has done excellent job to report the statistics on it's entries. They have something called histogram menu which can easily generate statistics on current entries based on various criterion.

ex: Source Organism (Gene Source) Histogram

There is a news article from October 2010 in Science that has a plot of the growth of human SNP data, particularly with regards to the 1000 Genomes project.

A recent paper with an updated "Growth of GEO" plot:

Le et al. Cross-species queries of large gene expression databases. Bioinformatics (2010) vol. 26 (19) pp. 2416-23