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BWA mapping quality 0 for all reads

I've mapped my reads using BWA but when I looked at them on IGV, they all have a mapping quality of 0. All of them. I don't think they have multiple possible matches because when I have Blasted a handful, they all have only one match. I think they are mapped correctly because when I look at my polymorphisms, they all match known polymorphisms in the database.

But obviously I cannot do any variant calling on reads with a mapping quality of 0.

This is the script I have used:

bwa mem -t 16 $path/to/ref_genome.fa $path/to/s1_S1100619_1P.fq.gz $path/to/s1_S1100619_2P.fq.gz > s1_S1100619_aln_pe.sam

Any ideas why this might have happened?

mapping mapping_quality bwa

Show a few lines of your SAM file, there is other information in the SAM file that can help tracking down the reasons that an alignment is reported a certain way.

   A00627:159:HWYY5DSXY:4:1101:27715:7874   81  chrX    108691208   0   150M    =   108691132   -226    AGACTAGCCACACGTCAAGTGCTGAGTAATTATTTGTGGCTTGTGGCTACCATGTTGGACAGGGCAGCAAAAGAAGAGGATACTCCTTACCTTACTGCCAAAGTGGGGATTGATAAACGTTACATCCTCCAAAGTCAGTAGAATTCTATT  FFF,FF,F:FFFFFF,FFFFFFFFF:F,FFFFF:FFFFFF:FFFFF:F::FFFFFFFF:FFFF,FFFFFFF:FFFFFFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFFFFF:FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF:FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF:F  NM:i:0  MD:Z:150    AS:i:150    XS:i:150    XA:Z:chrX,-108691208,150M,0;
    A00627:159:HWYY5DSXY:4:1101:27715:7874  161 chrX    108691132   0   150M    =   108691208   226 AATAAGATATTTTACATGTTTTTATACTGTTTTCTAAACCCACTGAGTACTTTACTCTTATAGCACATCACAATTCAGACTAGCCACACGTCAAGTGCTGAGTAATTATTTGTGGCTTGTGGCTACCATGTTGGACAGGGCAGCAAAAGA  FFFFFFFFFF:FFFFF:FFF,FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF:FFFFFF:FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF:F:FF:FFFFFFFFFFFF:FF:FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF:FFF:F:FFFFFF:FF:FFFFFFFF  NM:i:0  MD:Z:150    AS:i:150    XS:i:150    XA

See the XA tags there in the first alignment? That tag indicates that the read has a secondary alignment on chrX at position 108691208 (reverse):

XA:Z:chrX,-108691208,150M,0;

check whether this is a universal problem.

Actually, I just realized this is the same as the position reported for the main alignment - that kind of makes no sense. Is it possible that you have chrX listed twice in your reference genome? Or the indexing was done incorrectly?

Yes, it looks as though they are all listed for the same position twice. I wonder if it because I have accidentally put two reference genomes in the same directory???

A00627:159:HWYY5DSXY:4:1101:2465:1031   97      chr11   3681333 0       150M    =       3681361 178     TNAGGCTGGGGGGCTTTGCTTCTGCCTCCCTGAAGCATGTTGCAGCCCAGCAGTTTGGTGAGGACACCTTCTTCGGCATCTGGACCTGCCTTGGGGCCCCTATCAAGGGCTACTCCTTCTTCCCTGGAGAGGAAGAGGTGCTGATCCCCC  F#FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF,FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF,FFFFFFFFF:FFFFFF  NM:i:1  MD:Z:1G148      AS:i:148        XS:i:148        XA:Z:chr11,+3681333,150M,1;
A00627:159:HWYY5DSXY:4:1101:2465:1031   145     chr11   3681361 0       150M    =       3681333 -178    CCTGAAGCATGTTGCAGCCCAGCAGTTTGGTGAGGACACCTTCTTCGGCATCTGGACCTGCCTTGGGGCCCCTATCAAGGGCTACTCCTTCTTCCCTGGAGAGGAAGAGGTGCTGATCCCCCCCTTTGAGACCTTCCAAGTGATCAATGC  FFFF,FFFFFFFF,FFFFFFFFFF:FFFFF,FF,FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF:FFFFF:FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF:FFFFFF  NM:i:0  MD:Z:150        AS:i:150        XS:i:150        XA:Z:chr11,-3681361,150M,0;
A00627:159:HWYY5DSXY:4:1101:5050:1031   97      chr14   95080797        0       150M    =       95080852        205     CNCCTGGCTCTGGGGCTCTTGGCGGCTGGGTTCTGCCCTGCTGTCCTCTGCCACCCTAACAGCCCACTTGACGAGGAGAATCTGACCCAGGAGAACCAAGACCGAGGGACACACGTGGACCTCGGATTAGCCTCCGCCAACGTGGACTTC  F#FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF:FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF:F  NM:i:1  MD:Z:1T148      AS:i:148        XS:i:148        XA:Z:chr14,+95080797,150M,1;
A00627:159:HWYY5DSXY:4:1101:5050:1031   145     chr14   95080852        0       150M    =       95080797        -205    CTAACAGCCCACTTGACGAGGAGAATCTGACCCAGGAGAACCAAGACCGAGGGACACACGTGGACCTCGGATTAGCCTCCGCCAACGTGGACTTCGCTTTCAGCCTGTACAAGCAGTTAGTCCTGAAGGCCCCTGATAAGAATGTCATCT  FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF:FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF:FFFFFFFFFF:FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF:FFFFFFF  NM:i:0  MD:Z:150        AS:i:150        XS:i:150        XA:Z:chr14,-95080852,150M,0;

Every alignment is reported as a multiple alignment to itself. Indicates some sort of data problem

1 answer

Rerun your indexing but on a file that contains a single copy of each chromosome.

From the above data, it looks like your reference genome has been accidentally duplicated.

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