G37995C means, in this case:

37995 is genomic position on the Microcephalin-gene. G and C are the involved nucleotides: G is the ancestral/major nucleotide, C is the high frequency variant that changes an aspartate to a histidine and may be under positive selection. Hope this helps a bit.

Source

If you want the official guidelines you should check out the HGVS, Human Genome Variation Society: main site = http://www.hgvs.org/rec.html They are the ones who evaluate the issues around this and try to encourage people to use the correct designations. (But a lot of scientists don't even really do this correctly and we drive each other crazy anyway.)

Excruciating details: http://www.hgvs.org/mutnomen/ and click on the various items. A good place to reference in your project.

Good luck at your science fair!

EDIT as an afterthought: you might also want to know that group is distinct from the HGNC or the Human Gene Nomenclature Committee: http://www.genenames.org/ But they work in concert with each other.

Hmm, actually it depends on where you got that nucleotide change and who was writing it. The G could be any of these things: 1) ancestral allele 2) reference genome allele 3) major allele. These three things are not necessarily the same allele at a given position!