Hi everyone,
I have been struggling with this for a while. I got some published data and it appears to be in the map format from bowtie. I have converted it to SAM file using samtools' bowtie2sam.pl script from the misc directory.
I convert to BAM and everything seem to be fine using:
samtools view -bT arabidopsis.fa in.sam > out.bam
Except I get something along: Char1 treated as '*'
However, when I try to load the data into IGV for example to view along the genome. It loads, but nothing shows up at any zoom level.
I have also tried loading just the SAM file into IGV and that works fine. However, not the BAM file generated from it.
I tried to validate the file with both samtools and other published tools and it returns:
22774604 + 0 in total (QC-passed reads + QC-failed reads)
0 + 0 duplicates
22774604 + 0 mapped (100.00%:nan%)
0 + 0 paired in sequencing
0 + 0 read1
0 + 0 read2
0 + 0 properly paired (nan%:nan%)
0 + 0 with itself and mate mapped
0 + 0 singletons (nan%:nan%)
0 + 0 with mate mapped to a different chr
0 + 0 with mate mapped to a different chr (mapQ>=5)
The only thing I really care about is trying to get total read counts out of the data, over a specified region. But again haven't got to that yet. So any ideas on how to extract read count and this BAM issue would be great.
Thanks
Alex
•
written
by
alexjironkin •
It sounds like the reference genome you use in converting the SAM (arabidopsis.fa) doesn't match the one used to generate the alignments. Check it to be sure. The chromosome names in in.sam should be present and exactly match those given in the reference FASTA file that you use later.
Thanks! The problem was that chromosomes were identified simply by numer in the reference file e.g. 1,2,3,4,5,M and C but in the mapping file had Chr1, Chr2, Chr3, Chr4, Chr5,ChrM and ChrC. Once I changed the genome reference to that it worked :) Thanks A lot
Are you sure you need to run samtools view with the -T option? But yeah, doublecheck that the chromosome names in your reference file match the chromosome names in your .bam. And doublechecking that the reference index was made properly, by remaking it with samtools faidx, and seeing if that throws an error, wouldn't hurt either.
I read that if the SAM file doesn't have headers then use '-bT' option with the reference genome when converting to BAM. No '@' lines are present at the beginning of the SAM file.
To extract the read count information, you can refer to the following article:
http://vallandingham.me/RNA_seq_differential_expression.html
Sounds as if your SAM file doesn't have the required @SQ headers, which you attempted to fix using the T option. What you actually need is the small t option:
samtools view -bt arabidopsis.fa.fai in.sam > out.bam
The .fai file is made by running
samtools faidx arabidopsis.fa
My reference had pure numbers and SAM files had Chr prefix. The *.fai file also doesn't have reference to Mitochondria and Cytoplasmic? mappings do all the read from them go unmapped. I have updated my local copy of reference to have Chr prefixes and it works. Thanks though.
Oh my bad mitochondrial reference is not in the genome references. I guess I would still have to change to have Chr prefixes.
Log in to answer this question.
check your sequences names/ids, I think you have that wrong.
As everyone else said in this thread, make sure you use the same reference for mapping and for generating BAM.