Hi,

if I read the source code correctly then the Description column is unfortunately harcoded.

The easiert workaround would simply be to replace this column by the one you want.

library(clusterProfiler)
library(DOSE)

#/ Some example data:
data(geneList)
de <- names(geneList)[1:100]
go <- enrichGO(de, OrgDb = "org.Hs.eg.db", ont = "all")

#/ Make a copy to keep the original and replace description with ID:
go2 <- go
go2@result$Description <- go2@result$ID
dotplot(go2)

You could of course also extract the results and make a custom plot.

For the gene ratio question maybe see ClusterProfiler : What is GeneRatio and BgRatio? but this is most likely explained somewhere in the vignette / manual.