Simplest way, using image plot:

image(x, col = c("red", "blue"), main = "base image plot")

And for more flexibility, we can try ggplot:

library(ggplot2)

#convert wide to long format
plotDat <- reshape::melt(x)

#and plot
ggplot(plotDat, aes(X1, X2, fill = c("red", "blue")[ value + 1 ])) +
  geom_tile() +
  scale_fill_identity() +
  theme_minimal() +
  ggtitle("ggplot geom_tile")

Example data

set.seed(1); x <- matrix(sample(0:1, 25, replace = TRUE), nrow = 5)
colnames(x) <- paste0("col", 1:5)
rownames(x) <- paste0("row", 1:5)
x
#      col1 col2 col3 col4 col5
# row1    0    1    0    0    1
# row2    0    1    0    1    0
# row3    1    1    1    1    1
# row4    1    1    0    0    0
# row5    0    0    1    1    0