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How to calculate the percent of methylated cytosines.

I read from a paper:

"14% of cytosines are methylated in Arabidopsis thaliana, 4% in Mus musculus, 2.3% in Escherichia coli, 0.03% in Drosophila, and virtually none (< 0.0002%) in yeast"

but they did not say how to get the number of methylated cytosines. Anybody could show me how to calculate the percentage precisely?

methylation wgbs

Of course, they all use WGBS, after alignment, they got the cytosine methylation state in every reads, but then?

1 answer

Tools such as Bismark and bwa-meth align WGBS reads and then extract the methylation status of every cytosine within each aligned read. They also produce summary statistics, including the genome-wide average methylation state.

For an example of what this looks like, you can see the Bismark documentation and an example summary report which reports the genome-wide methylation level.

Yeah, but there is no result just like the I read from the paper.

I know it must have to calculate, but how is the key point. Anyway, thx

If you want for all Cytosines, not context specific (CpG / CHG / CHH as printed in the report) just add the numbers:

  • Total C's analysed 1218062196
  • Methylated C's in CpG context 31593318
  • Methylated C's in CHG context 1525159
  • Methylated C's in CHH context 3319601
( (31593318 + 1525159 + 3319601) / 1218062196 ) * 100 = 2.9914792627 %

Maybe the OP is confused because "% methylated cytosines" could be interpreted as "% of genomic positions with a cytosine with some evidence of methylation". So if there are 10 cytosine positions in the genome and each of them has % methylation > 0, then "% methylated cytosines" = 100%. If this is what the OP (and the paper) means, then it's a bit trickier to calculate as one needs to define a threshold to claim that the C to T conversion at a genomic position is significantly smaller than 100% (i.e. methylation is greater than 0%) given sequencing and conversion errors.

btw, what does “OP” mean?

Original Post(er).

Thx 4 all your reply, @dariober's answer is what I mean.

I don't know what the paper means and confused.

If you post a link to the paper that would help to clarify the question :)

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