Hello everyone,

In a pathway Kegg (such as this one), other pathways are referred in rounded rectangles.

My question is two-fold:

1. What is the exact semantics of putting such a reference to another pathway ? In other words, what the annotator meant when he put a reference and why did he place it at a given position on the pathway map?
2. In the context of gene regulation analysis, is the following assumption reasonable : pathways mentioned on the pathway map of a disease, are likely to be dysregulated. That is, if a person suffers from this disease, the regulation interactions between genes of its linked pathways are likely to be altered.

Thanks for your help.