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~80% duplicate pairs in RNAseq data

Hi all,

I've read a couple of posts about duplicates in RNAseq, and it seems like the consensus is that a "high-ish" number of duplicates is common. However, most posts have a duplicate level of approx. 60% and my reads are significantly higher (see below for my multiqc plots). This is after adapter trimming.

So I have a couple questions:

  1. At what point is the level of duplication too much (and how would I determine this?)
  2. Sort of a basic question, what is the difference between duplicate pairs optical and non-optical?
  3. Is the "high" expected duplicate levels referring to optical or non-optical or both types?

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rna-seq

1 answer

Some times people are worried about getting enough data from samples that contain starting low amounts of RNA (and/or get carried away) and do extra amplification steps. That will result in high duplicates in data. Do you know if this is applicable for your data?

what is the difference between duplicate pairs optical and non-optical?

What sequencer is your data from? Here is a long thread on biostars that has a useful image at top that shows the classification of duplicates: Duplicates on Illumina .

You can identify duplicates in an alignment free way using clumpify.sh from BBMap suite (Introducing Clumpify: Create 30% Smaller, Faster Gzipped Fastq Files. And remove duplicates. ) or after alignments using picard markduplicates.

Is the "high" expected duplicate levels referring to optical or non-optical or both types?

In general one expects there to be duplicates for RNAseq data since multiple copies of RNA's for a certain number of genes will be present in your sample. Chances of getting PCR dups is high if the samples are over amplified during lib prep. There are specific recommendations on loading to lower chances of getting optical duplicates (which most sequencing providers should be following by now).

Unless you have unique molecular indexes (UMIs) that were incorporated prior to amplification, there would be no easy way to detect PCR duplicates for certain. There are packages like https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5073875/ that could be used.

Hi GenoMax, thank you so much for your reply! This is from NovaSeq and we followed the Qiagen protocol for PCR amplification, so in theory it shouldn't be due to overamplification?

In general one expects there to be duplicates for RNAseq data since multiple copies of RNA's for a certain number of genes will be present in your sample.

Would I be on the right track to say that if the non-optical duplicates are likely not due to PCR overamplification, it might be a true biological signal? Is there any good way of determining whether this high level of duplication is infact a problem vs true signal?

Based on most of the papers and BioStar posts I have read, it seems that removal of duplicates is not recommended.

Would I be on the right track to say that if the non-optical duplicates are likely not due to PCR overamplification, it might be a true biological signal?

If you are sure about the origin of duplicates being unrelated to PCR, then yes. All of your samples seem to have this feature so you can go ahead with the analysis and see what you get. Yes removal of duplicates is not recommended, unless UMI's are in the mix.

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