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Converting PLINK GWAS Summary Statistics (--glm) to BED Format for UCSC Liftover

I am currently working with PLINK GWAS summary statistics generated using the --glm function. I need to convert them into BED format to perform a liftover using UCSC's Liftover tool, but I am encountering some challenges:

  • Start and End Positions: PLINK’s --glm output only provides a single position per variant, whereas BED format requires both start and end positions. How should I define the end position, especially for SNPs vs. indels?

  • Handling Indels: Some indels in my data have varying lengths. Should I use the reference allele length to determine the end coordinate, or is there a standard approach for handling indels in BED format?

  • Efficient Formatting: What is the best way to convert the --glm output into BED format (e.g., using awk, R, or Python) in a reproducible manner?

Any advice or code snippets would be greatly appreciated! :)

plink liftover plink2 bed gwas

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