I'm learning about CRISPR at my college.
I understand that when viral DNA is inserted into a bacterial cell, the Cas1-Cas2 proteins identify the PAM site in the viral DNA and then cut the protospacer from the viral DNA to make it a spacer in the CRISPR array for the adaptive immunity of the bacteria. I'm confused about why they need the CRISPR system if the Cas1-Cas2 cuts the protospacer, and at that time only the viral DNA gets inactivated.
1 answer
Those are different types of nucleases. They form part of the CRISPR system. See: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cas12a
Cas12a is distinguished from Cas9 by a its single RuvC endonuclease active site, its 5' protospacer adjacent motif preference, and for creating sticky rather than blunt ends at the cut site.
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