Thank you. We always have negative control with water, so I believe we would have discovered contamination in DNA kits. However, our samples underwent a lot of steps before we got them, so I am concerned mostly about that.
What are the common contaminants in the human genomic DNA? Is there any database available (e.g. in fasta format or is it maybe safer to check for matches on protein level)? I am working with primates, but I would assume to find similar contaminants there.
Do you check for the contaminants in the reads or in the contigs of the final assembly (so far it seems to me that latter is the preferred way)? Which tools do you use (e.g. FastQ Screen)?
3 answers
If you have any human data, map it against human genome. Take the unmapped reads and do a blast to see what kind of hits you get. But as far as my knowledge, there is no such list of common contaminants because contamination happens accidentally.
If you are using illumina and if your lane is loaded with small percentage of PhiX ( for balancing or for better yield), then there will be few reads from PhiX genome (1-2%) even though PhiX does not have any barcode.
Some common contaminations in my data (the 1st column gives abundance):
10321 566060467:CP006852.1:cellular_organisms Pseudomonas sp. TKP, complete genome
2159 646237114:CP007638.1:cellular_organisms Pseudomonas sp. WCS374 genome
1894 387159426:CP003041.1:cellular_organisms Pseudomonas fluorescens A506, complete genome
173 90103542:CP000301.1:cellular_organisms Rhodopseudomonas palustris BisB18, complete genome
161 86570155:CP000250.1:cellular_organisms Rhodopseudomonas palustris HaA2, complete genome
157 47118316:BA000040.2:cellular_organisms Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 110 DNA, complete genome
151 115515977:CP000463.1:cellular_organisms Rhodopseudomonas palustris BisA53, complete genome
143 381356398:AP012279.1:cellular_organisms Bradyrhizobium sp. S23321 DNA, complete genome
135 91680938:CP000283.1:cellular_organisms Rhodopseudomonas palustris BisB5, complete genome
115 91798527:CP000319.1:cellular_organisms Nitrobacter hamburgensis X14, complete genome
114 456351576:AP012603.1:cellular_organisms Agromonas oligotrophica S58 DNA, complete genome
109 146403799:CP000494.1:cellular_organisms Bradyrhizobium sp. BTAi1, complete genome
109 315599110:CP002418.1:cellular_organisms Rhodopseudomonas palustris DX-1, complete genome
103 666084728:CP008896.1:cellular_organisms Pseudomonas fluorescens strain UK4, complete genome
98 146189981:CU234118.1:cellular_organisms Bradyrhizobium sp. ORS278,complete sequence
93 354952622:AP012206.1:cellular_organisms Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 6 DNA, complete genome
86 268322399:FP236530.1:cellular_organisms Mycoplasma hominis ATCC 23114 chromosome complete genome
81 336096911:CP002826.1:cellular_organisms Oligotropha carboxidovorans OM5, complete genome
78 209871356:CP001196.1:cellular_organisms Oligotropha carboxidovorans OM5 strain OM5, complete genome
77 627779227:CP007569.1:cellular_organisms Bradyrhizobium japonicum SEMIA 5079 genome
72 192282182:CP001096.1:cellular_organisms Rhodopseudomonas palustris TIE-1, complete genome
70 336093334:CP002821.1:cellular_organisms Oligotropha carboxidovorans OM4, complete genome
62 229359445:AM181176.4:cellular_organisms Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 complete genome
62 646231607:CP007637.1:cellular_organisms Pseudomonas simiae strain WCS417 genome
59 293651473:AB553833.1:organisms Human artificial chromosome vector 21HAC4 DNA, isolated from the short arm, clone: YAC/BAC#37-2
53 74419069:CP000115.1:cellular_organisms Nitrobacter winogradskyi Nb-255, complete genome
52 507098404:HE798385.1:cellular_organisms Achromobacter xylosoxidans NH44784-1996 complete genome
37 445198867:CP004045.1:cellular_organisms Pseudomonas poae RE*1-1-14, complete genome
35 667665003:LK934971.1:Eukaryota Babesia divergens genome assembly 454hybrid_PBjelly ,scaffold Contig261
35 68342549:CP000076.1:cellular_organisms Pseudomonas protegens Pf-5, complete genome
29 133737197:CU207211.1:cellular_organisms Herminiimonas arsenicoxydans chromosome, complete sequence
26 667664132:LK935679.1:Eukaryota Babesia divergens genome assembly 454hybrid_PBjelly ,scaffold Contig969
24 193001753:CP001047.1:cellular_organisms Mycoplasma arthritidis 158L3-1, complete genome
22 693:V00115.1:Boreoeutheria Bos taurus 1.711a satellite DNA with insert INS-1.711A. (extends from base 501 to 1151)
21 156768689:EU059182.1:cellular_organisms Uncultured bacterium clone LM0ABA42ZG12FM1 genomic sequence
21 663673439:HG975440.1:Eukaryota Solanum pennellii chromosome ch01, complete genome
20 635284334:CP005960.1:cellular_organisms Pseudomonas mandelii JR-1, complete genome
20 669026884:HG670306.1:Eukaryota Triticum aestivum chromosome 3B, genomic scaffold, cultivar Chinese Spring
17 336024847:CP002279.1:cellular_organisms Mesorhizobium opportunistum WSM2075, complete genome
17 587652027:KJ123690.1:organisms Human herpesvirus 6A isolate GS, complete genome
17 647802220:CP008696.1:cellular_organisms Pseudomonas chlororaphis strain PA23, complete genome
17 663673457:HG975451.1:Eukaryota Solanum pennellii chromosome ch12, complete genome
16 430790723:CP003738.1:cellular_organisms Pseudomonas putida HB3267, complete genome
16 512381003:AP013070.1:cellular_organisms Pseudomonas putida NBRC 14164 DNA, complete genome
16 635291785:CP007620.1:cellular_organisms Pseudomonas putida strain DLL-E4, complete genome
15 296926528:CP002026.1:cellular_organisms Starkeya novella DSM 506, complete genome
15 511519639:CP005976.1:cellular_organisms Pseudomonas putida H8234, complete genome
15 657121522:CP006581.1:cellular_organisms Mesorhizobium huakuii 7653R genome
14 30407150:AL844508.1:Eukaryota Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 chromosome 9
14 383101383:CP002291.1:cellular_organisms Escherichia coli P12b, complete genome
13 148509317:CP000712.1:cellular_organisms Pseudomonas putida F1, complete genome
13 168192641:CP000943.1:cellular_organisms Methylobacterium sp. 4-46, complete genome
13 663680989:HG975517.1:Eukaryota Solanum lycopersicum chromosome ch05, complete genome
13 853961:X83413.1:organisms Human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) U1102, variant A DNA, complete virion genome
12 24987239:AE015451.1:cellular_organisms Pseudomonas putida KT2440 complete genome
12 293651475:AB553834.1:organisms Human artificial chromosome vector 21HAC4 DNA, isolated from the long arm, clone: YAC/BAC#26-2
12 380504511:JQ039399.1:cellular_organisms Pseudomonas fluorescens strain X putative EmrB/QacA family drug resistance transporter gene, partial cds; and hypothetical protein (sup5), putative cupin2 conserved barrel domain protein (sup6), hypothetical protein, putative NRPS protein, and putative polyketide cyclase/dehydrase genes, complete cds
12 567363169:CP006931.1:cellular_organisms Pseudomonas aeruginosa SCV20265, complete genome
11 169757190:CP000949.1:cellular_organisms Pseudomonas putida W619, complete genome
11 171705315:EU199081.2:cellular_organisms Pseudomonas fluorescens strain SS101 clone 2 massetolide A biosynthesis gene cluster, partial sequence
11 219944660:CP001349.1:cellular_organisms Methylobacterium nodulans ORS 2060, complete genome
11 297747440:AC241324.1:Eukaryota Pinus taeda clone PT_7Ba3321I06, complete sequence
11 315593157:CP002417.1:cellular_organisms Variovorax paradoxus EPS, complete genome
11 338835784:CP002870.1:cellular_organisms Pseudomonas putida S16, complete genome
11 388557647:CP003588.1:cellular_organisms Pseudomonas putida ND6, complete genome
11 496684371:KC543497.1:cellular_organisms Pseudomonas aeruginosa plasmid pOZ176, complete sequence
11 508083607:JX891478.1:organisms Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 isolate Aus-GM, complete genome
11 613736623:CP007549.1:cellular_organisms Acinetobacter baumannii AC12, complete genome
11 663673445:HG975446.1:Eukaryota Solanum pennellii chromosome ch07, complete genome
11 672717140:LK931771.1:cellular_organisms Sphingobacterium sp. PM2-P1-29 genome assembly Sequencing method ,scaffold BN1088_Contig_19
10 116077971:CT990557.10:Hominoidea N.leucogenys DNA sequence from clone CH271-446I8, complete sequence
10 149694693:CU442723.4:Euarchontoglires Mouse DNA sequence from clone CH25-44K11 on chromosome 2, complete sequence
10 154158043:CP000781.1:cellular_organisms Xanthobacter autotrophicus Py2, complete genome
10 160361034:CP000884.1:cellular_organisms Delftia acidovorans SPH-1, complete genome
10 166857509:CP000926.1:cellular_organisms Pseudomonas putida GB-1, complete genome
10 260447279:CP001637.1:cellular_organisms Escherichia coli DH1, complete genome
10 312120198:XM_003151722.1:Bilateria Loa loa hypothetical protein (LOAG_16235) mRNA, complete cds
10 433663430:CP003358.1:cellular_organisms Mesorhizobium australicum WSM2073, complete genome
10 46364909:AL844505.1:Eukaryota Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 chromosome 6
10 54144532:AC107786.14:Euarchontoglires Mus musculus chromosome 5, clone RP23-5E3, complete sequence
10 569540043:CP006644.1:cellular_organisms Sphingomonas sanxanigenens NX02, complete genome
10 659659325:HG938355.1:cellular_organisms Neorhizobium galegae, complete genome
10 71553748:CP000058.1:cellular_organisms Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola 1448A, complete genome
It might be worth looking at this paper which describes contaminants commonly found in DNA extraction kits: Reagent and laboratory contamination can critically impact sequence-based microbiome analyses
The type of contaminants you expect to see, except for kit contaminants, probably depends a lot on tissue and other things. I usually try to identify contaminants both at the read level (using bowtie2) and at the contig level (using some variation of BLAST or a faster program; now that Vsearch is available, that could be a nice alternative in some cases). In some cases I have mapped against the tissue microbiome references given at the HMP (Human Microbiome Project) web site (e g the gut microbiome, which is a big download but can nowadays be indexed with bowtie2 or bwa).
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