A lot of people, including us, have tried to write some automatic ID recognition tools. But no, that will never reach a complete solution some of the IDs used just can belong to different ID systems, especially the basic numeric ones.

That being said, if you are really interested in this, you might want to look at Identifiers.org. That resource is actually build for a different purpose. To get stable identifiers for existing resources. But in developing those they actually do describe valid patterns for each of those.